Phases of a construction project

1. Planning and design

This phase drives everything else. The brief is defined, the concept and basic project are drafted, the execution project is closed and licences are filed. This is where cost and duration are set.

• Needs assessment and functional brief
• Concept and basic project
• Execution project and technical documentation
• Licence and permit handling

2. Site preparation

The site is prepared for works: fencing, controlled demolitions, earthworks and provisional services.

• Site fencing and signage
• Controlled demolitions
• Earthworks
• Provisional services (water, electricity)

3. Foundations and structure

The quietest phase and also the most critical. The real geometry of the building is set out and the load-bearing elements are built.

• Setting-out and excavation for foundations
• Foundation rebar and concrete
• Columns and beams
• Slabs and roofs

4. Masonry and envelope

The building takes shape: façades, internal walls and openings.

• Load-bearing walls and partitions
• External cladding
• Openings for doors and windows
• Special elements (stairs, chimneys)

5. Services

Everything inside: water, electricity, heating, air-conditioning, telecoms and home automation. The most crowded phase — good coordination avoids later trouble.

• Electrical and lighting
• Plumbing and drainage
• HVAC and ventilation
• Telecoms and home automation

6. Finishes and cladding

The most visible phase and the one most likely to be reworked. Deciding materials and details upfront saves time.

• Wall and ceiling finishes
• Flooring
• Internal and external joinery
• Paint and decorative finishes

7. Completion and handover

Handover is a process, not a moment. Services are tested, snags are corrected and the technical file that certifies compliance is signed.

• General cleaning
• Testing of services and systems
• Correction of minor defects
• Delivery of documentation and warranties